{"id":10063,"date":"2021-10-25T16:17:59","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T07:17:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/?p=10063"},"modified":"2021-10-25T16:18:01","modified_gmt":"2021-10-25T07:18:01","slug":"bele-ona-ka-lae-timor-leste-adere-ba-organizasaun-mundial-komersiu-omk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/2021\/10\/25\/bele-ona-ka-lae-timor-leste-adere-ba-organizasaun-mundial-komersiu-omk\/","title":{"rendered":"Bele Ona ka Lae Timor-Leste Adere ba Organizasaun Mundial Komersiu (OMK)?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hakerek nain Jacob Alzear<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introdusaun<\/strong>
Timor-Leste hanesan nasaun ida ne\u2019ebe ekonomikamente foin dezenvolve (developing country) depois de restaurasaun independensia iha 20 de Maio 2002. Nasaun ne\u2019ebe ita konsidera sei joven hela, seidauk iha maturidade di\u2019ak atu produs no dezenvolve ninian rekursu naturais sira ho di\u2019ak
no sustentavel. Mesmu ke Timor-Leste iha potensia boot ba rekursu naturais sira hanesan mina no gas, kaf\u00e9, ai-kameli, ai-teka, no seluk tan. Parte seluk mak agrikultura, peskas no turismu, setor
hirak ne\u2019e durante ne\u2019e hatodan aan iha governu nia politika sira no la funsiona ho di\u2019ak. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Setor sirane\u2019e mak ajuda tebes ekonomia Timor-Leste nian no bele produs rendimentu nasional & rendimentu per-kapita ba governu no populasaun sira iha rai-laran para, nune\u2019e bele garante ekonomia ida ne\u2019ebe di\u2019ak no saud\u00e1vel. Infelismente la akontese nune\u2019e. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Timor-leste nia ekonomia adopta sistema merkadu livre no nakloke aan ba ekonomia internasional, serbisu hamutuk ho parseiru ekonomiku internasional sira hodi konsentra ba transaksaun komersiu
internasional liu husi eksportasaun no importasaun ba bens no servisus nian, hodi dezenvolve no sustenta nesesidade nasaun Timor-Leste nian.
Timor-leste dadaun ne\u2019e iha ona prosesu laran atu tama ba Organizasaun Mundial Komersiu nian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Molok Timor-Leste atu tama ba OMK ne\u2019e ita presija haree didi\u2019ak no tetu didi\u2019ak impaktu sira mai ekonomia Timor-Leste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosesu ba Adezaun<\/strong>
Atu adere ba OMK, nasaun hotu-hotu tenke tuir prosesu sira; primeiru, nasaun tenki hatama pedidu aplikasaun. No pedidiu refere sei analiza husi Working Party for Accession husi OMK.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Segundu, depois observador (observer) envia formulariu ne\u2019ebe deskreve detalladu kona-ba politika komersiu atual nian ka hanaran Memorandum of the Foreign Trade Regime. Inklui mos akordu ba ezistensia livre komersial no lei sira ne\u2019ebe afeita ba komersiu internasional<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terseiru, Grupu servisu ka Working Party for Accession deskreve fila-fali termu kondisaun hotu ka kriteria\/ rekerimentus sira ne\u2019ebe mak kompleta husi kandidatu sira molok atu sai membru OMK.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kuartu, hafoin hatama hotu formulariu ita presija negosia akordu bilateral ka Negotiates Bilateral Trade Agreements ho kualker nasaun ne\u2019ebe sai ona membro OMK ne\u2019ebe hakarak negosia ho ita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grupu servisu Working Party for Accession sei formaliza termus ba adezaun nian. akordu ba adezaun ne\u2019e iha pakote tolu. Halo mudansa politika komersiu, kriteria ba akordu komersiu bilateral nian, inklui mos akordu ba membru sira ne\u2019ebe hanaran adezaun protokolu (protocol of
accession).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konsellu geral aprova adezaun protokolu. Hafoin hasai desizaun no publika adezaun protoku ne\u2019ebe konkorda ona. No karik iha buat ruma falta ka sala sei hadia akordu ne\u2019e ho durasaun fulan tolu. Depois hadia mak fo hatene ba sekretariadu OMK. Depois de fulan ida mak hafoin deside sai
membru OMK.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dadaun ne\u2019e hakarek nain seidauk hatene Timor-Leste hakat ona ba iha faze ne\u2019ebe. Bazeia ba pontu importante neen (6) ne\u2019ebe mensiona iha leten ne\u2019e, hakerek na\u2019in hakarak fo sai intervensaun iha parte dahaat (iv) nia efeitu negative balu ke presija mos taun konsiderasaun; karik atu halo komersiu bilateral ho nasaun seluk governu presija tau atensaun iha pontu importante rua (2) hanesan; 1. konsensu inter-governamental ne\u2019e garantia ka lae, 2. redusaun tarifa ne\u2019e iha ka lae. Tanba nasaun avansadu balu lakohi atu redus tarifa no hakarak mantein nafatin tarifa ne\u2019ebe
aas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hetok aat liu, ita nia nasaun timor-lestte nia tarifa tun tebes 2,5%. Kestaun hirak ne\u2019e sei fo impaktu negativu ba ekonomia timor liu-liu iha asuntu akordu komersiu bilateral no multilateral nian. Iha parte seluk nasaun avansadu balu la kohi peokupa ho ita nia pedidu ba consensus intergovernamental se karik ita enfrenta problema ruma relasiona ho asuntu exportasaun & importasaun, investimentu agro-industria sira tanba sira preukupa liu ba sira interese duke ita nia interese.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saida mak Timor-Leste sei hakat liu?<\/strong>
Ita nia governu presija halo politika protesaun ida. Protection policy ne\u2019e signifika ita nia governu tenki proteze no asegura ita nia kompanhia domestiku sira liu husi transaksaun komersiu internasional, hanesan (kompanhia domestiku ho kompanhia internasional halo akordu hodi
importa & eksporta ekipamentus\/material produsaun, commodities seluk ho tarifa ne\u2019ebe baratu no iha duni satisfasaun ba kompanhia domestiku sira), no governu mos tenki investe kapital (osan) ba kompanhia domestiku sira para bele dezenvolve nia investimentu sira. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se ita lakohi halo politika proteksionismu maka sei fo impaktu negativu ba kompana domestiku atu kompete iha merkadu internasional. Tarifa ne\u2019e refere ba tax importasaun husi komodities ne\u2019ebe iha. Iha sorin
seluk maka quota ne\u2019ebe refere liu ba limitasaun kuantidade sasan ne\u2019ebe importa ba nasaun seluk. Se karik iha demanda husi nasaun seluk mai ita nia produtu ruma, maka ita presija tau atensaun ba tarifa (tariff). Tanba se, kustu ba tarifa ne\u2019e aas maka ita sei hasoru problema hanesan tuir mai
ne\u2019e.
a) halo limitasaun kuantidade produtu ne\u2019ebe eksporta ba;
b) iha parte seluk mak ita sei hasa\u2019e presu sasan aas iha merkadu internasional;
c) pior liu wainhira presu iha merkadu internasional tun husi standarte;
d) afeita mos ba ita nia rendimetu tanba kauza husi tarifa no quota.
Problema hirak ne\u2019e la dun garante balansu komesiu entre ekspor no impor no la fo benefisiu di\u2019ak ba ekonomia Timor, sa tani ta enfrenta hela d\u00e9fise negosiu hela deit. Tanba ne\u2019e mak dalan di\u2019ak ida mak normaliza no estabiliza tarifa ho quota fizikamente ba sasan importasaun no eksportasaun nian. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atu halo ida ne\u2019e tenki halo negotiation ho membru OMK sira ho diak no estratejiku hodi hamenus tarifa eksportasaun no importasaun nian.
Nasaun foin dezenvolve balun falla iha free trade ne\u2019e tanba nasaun avansadu sira hanesan (US & EU) mantein nafatin valor tarifa ne\u2019ebe aas. Ida ne\u2019e hanesan dezafius boot ida. No ita presija tebtebes atu tau atensaun ba kestaun hirak ne\u2019e. Ita haree Timor-Leste ne\u2019e rai agrikultura maioria
populasaun 70% buka moris ho agrikultura. Entaun ho presupostu katak neneik sei investe barak liu iha area agrikultura hodi estimula ita produsaun rai-laran, no kuandu iha kapasidade bele exporta ba rai-liur hodi hetan rendimentu. Maibe problema ne\u2019ebe mensiona iha leten ne\u2019e presija duni tau importansia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Importante mos ba governu atu fo atensaun no protesaun ba ita nia diversidade kultural (cultural diversity) no fator social (social factors) sira. Tanba se kuandu ita tama OMK iha posibilidade ke kompanhia multinasional (multinational companies) sei domina no dalaruma la preokupa ita nia aktividade sosi\u00e1l no kultural nian, tanba ne\u2019e presija tebes tau atensaun ba problema hirak ne\u2019e hotu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Progresu ekonomia nasaun dezenvolvimentu sira hafoin adere ba OMK: Antes vs Depois Mai ita haree pregresu ekonomia nasaun dezenvolvimentu sira ne\u2019ebe adere on aba OMK haktuir
sira nia indikador ekonomia; Nasaun Guine Bissau mos sai membru Organizasaun Mundial Komersiu iha loron 31 outubru 1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ita haree rezultadu exportasaun no importasaun (exports & imports of goods and services) hatudu depois de tinan lima (5) mai oin, exportasaun ho valor 17.53% husi li\u00f1a median nian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enkuantu, importasaun 25.65%. Ida ne\u2019e hateten katak nasaun refere sei nafatin hasoru problema iha exports no imports nian, mesmu ke nasaun ne\u2019e sai membru OMK.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic hanesan nasaun ne\u2019eb\u00e9 mos kategoria (developing country) ou nasaun terseiru mundu ne\u2019ebe sai ona membru Organizasaun Mundial Komersiu iha loron 2 Fevereiru 2013. Ekonomia nasaun ne\u2019e nian antes tama ba OMK ita haree dadus husi banku mundial (World Bank) hatudu katak husi Gross National Income (GNI per-capita annual %) normalmente 7 % husi tinan tolu ba kotuk (2010-2012) nia laran. Depois tama tiha OMK Ita haree fali iha dadus 2014-2016 GNI per-capita ho valor 7.62%. Husi komparasaun ida ne\u2019e ita bele dehan iha mudansa (+) ituan de\u2019it. Mudansa ne\u2019e la signifikante, diferensia 0.62% deit.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cabu-Verde sai membru OMK iha loron 23 julho 2008. Liu tiha tinan lima (5) ba oin, ita haree progresu ekonomia husi 2014 to\u00f3 2019 Cabu-Verde nia GNI per-capita atinji 3.61% husi valor li\u00f1a median (ka nilai rata*) nian. Ida ne\u2019e signifika katak, fator ne\u2019ebe kontribui ba GNI per-capita la dun makaas iha periode hirak mai oin. Tanba antes Cabu-Verde tama OMK mos nia GNI percapita iha fluktuasaun (tun sae) la liu digitu 4%. Rezultadu exportasaun no importasaun (exports & imports of goods and services) hatudu depois de tinan lima (5) mai oin, exportasaun normalmente ho valor 45.88% husi li\u00f1a median nian. enkuantu, importasaun 63.41%. ida ne\u2019e hateten katak nasaun refere sei nafatin hasoru problema iha exports no imports nian, mesmu ke
nasaun ne\u2019e sai membru OMK. tanba ita haree importasaun nia valor aas duke exportasaun,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Timor-Leste nuudar nasaun ida enfrenta hela d\u00e9fice negosiu ida boot teb-tebes desde inisiu, serake ho adesaun ba OMK sei bele taka lakuna d\u00e9fice negosiu ne\u2019e? Se nunee, no se karik iha evidensia
empiriku hatudu katak Timor-Leste sei taka nia lakuna d\u00e9fice negosiu, entaun hakerek nain eleva esforsu Timor-Leste nian atu adere ba OMK. Maibe se laiha evidensia empiriku ruma, entaun susar mai Timor-Leste maske adere ona ba OMK tanba ho kondisaun balansu ne\u2019eb\u00e9 hatudu iha tabela
kraik:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hakerek nain espera katak ita sei la sai nasaun raw material exporter ne\u2019ebe presu rabat rai no importa manufacture goods ho presu lalehan. Situasaun ida ne\u2019e mak ita la evita, Timor-Leste sei enfrenta ekonomia hakdasak iha tinan barak oin mai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rekomendasaun<\/strong>
Argumentu publiku hateten katak adesaun ba OMK sei hafasil Timor-Leste atu tama ba ASEAN. Ida ne\u2019e argumentu laiha meritu ekonomiku tanba ne\u2019e hakerek nain rekomenda governu atu internalmente presija hadiak sistema birokrasia, lei ba investimentu, lei rai, no politika dezenvolvimentu institusional. Aspeitu sira ne\u2019e presija tau atensaun atu nunee ema investor sira mai fasilmente ho lalais. Tanba difikuldade ne\u2019ebe ita hasoru mak easy of doing business (maski estudu ne\u2019e foin dadaun hetan polemika mundial) Timor-Leste ne\u2019ebe infelizmente atinzi 181 ranking, numeru ida ne\u2019e difikulta tebes mai ita atu ema investor sira halo investimentu iha Timor.
Entaun ita hotu-hotu kontribui hodi hadia fatores ne\u2019ebe mensiona iha leten ne\u2019e, tanba hirak ne\u2019e mak fo influensia ba Timor-Leste nia dezenvolvimentu ekonomia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hakerek nain Jacob Alzear IntrodusaunTimor-Leste hanesan nasaun ida ne\u2019ebe ekonomikamente foin dezenvolve (developing country) depois de restaurasaun independensia iha 20 de Maio 2002. Nasaun ne\u2019ebe ita konsidera sei joven hela, seidauk iha maturidade di\u2019ak atu produs no dezenvolve ninian rekursu naturais sira ho di\u2019akno sustentavel. Mesmu ke Timor-Leste iha potensia boot ba rekursu naturais sira […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10065,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"amp_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10063","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analisa"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10063","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10063"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10063\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10066,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10063\/revisions\/10066"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10065"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10063"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10063"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10063"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}