{"id":17948,"date":"2024-01-26T08:12:10","date_gmt":"2024-01-25T23:12:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/?p=17948"},"modified":"2024-01-26T08:13:18","modified_gmt":"2024-01-25T23:13:18","slug":"seguransa-komunal-mak-sentral-ba-seguransa-fronteira-lisaun-hosi-rezolve-disputa-fronteira-indonezia-timor-leste-nian-iha-noel-besi-citrana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/2024\/01\/26\/seguransa-komunal-mak-sentral-ba-seguransa-fronteira-lisaun-hosi-rezolve-disputa-fronteira-indonezia-timor-leste-nian-iha-noel-besi-citrana\/","title":{"rendered":"Seguransa komun\u00e1l mak sentr\u00e1l ba seguransa fronteira: Lisaun hosi rezolve disputa fronteira Indonezia-Timor-Leste nian iha Noel Besi-Citrana"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hakerek nain Li-Li Chen<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enklave Oecusse ka Oecusse-Ambeno, territ\u00f3riu Timor-Leste ida de’it ne’eb\u00e9 lokaliza iha Indonezia laran, adision\u00e1l ba rejensia Kupang no Sentral Norte Indonezia nian ho li\u00f1a fronteira 119.7km. Fronteira rai-Indonezia no Timor-Leste nian barak liu mak basia idrografika no li\u00f1a ki’ik liu ne’eb\u00e9 liga pontu kiik liu hotu iha mota ka foho-oan, no sujeitu ba mudansa pol\u00edtika no disputa sira. To’o ohin loron, fronteira entre Indonezia no Timor-Leste seidauk rezolve tomak, ne’eb\u00e9 hamosu dezafiu atu normaliza relasaun entre nasaun rua no m\u00f3s preokupasaun seguransa fronteira. Foin lalais ne’e, Noel Besi-Citrana, ne’eb\u00e9 lokaliza entre Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur no Beneufe, Timor-Leste, provoka duvidas no kritika makas iha m\u00e9dia sosi\u00e1l, tanba li\u00f1a fronteira foun<\/a> bele halakon komunidade nia rai maizumenus hamutuk 270 Ha<\/a> iha Naktuka iha Timor-Leste nia sorin. Patriotizmu ne’eb\u00e9 mosu no apelu maka’as ba defeza independ\u00e9nsia no soberania Timor-Leste nian husi povu Timor-Leste ne’eb\u00e9 revolve disputa fronteira la’\u00f3s de’it hamosu preokupasaun no diskonfia ba governu Timor-Leste, maib\u00e9 m\u00f3s iha potensial atu entraga relasaun bilater\u00e1l amizavel entre Timor-Leste no Indonezia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atu f\u00f3 info badak, Noel Besi-Citrana lokaliza entre mota rua, Noel Besi no Mota Nono Moemna, ho rai-maran 1,069 Ha, no iha populasaun husi uma-kain 44 ho komunidade nain 200, bazeia ba dadus<\/a> iha 2019. Ema barak mak agrikult\u00f3r. Iha Noel Besi-Citrana nia laran iha fatin natar fertil ho forma triangulu iha Naktuka iha mota Noel Besi nia sorin. Komunidade Ambeno no Amfuong (loron iha parte Indonezia) fahe rai Naktuka dezde tempu okupasaun Indonezia nian, no sira rasik mak reklama na’in ba rai. Li\u00f1a fronteira foun bele halo Timor-oan sira iha Naktuka lakon sira-nia rai no vida moris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iha ona konflitu barak ona entre komunidade Indonesia no Timor-Leste iha Noel Besi-Citrana. Insidente ida akontese tanba Timor-Leste hakarak harii postu imigrasaun iha Citrana nia klaran iha tinan 2008<\/a>. Ofisi\u00e1l milit\u00e1r Indonesia sira halo kedas protesta atu hapara konstrusaun. Iha tinan 2012, rezidente sira husi suku Haumeni Ana iha NTT, hasoru malu ho rezidente sira iha Pasabbe Oecusse tanba governu Timor-Leste atu harii Kustome, Imigrasaun no Quarantina Timor-Leste iha zona disputa. Iha tina 2013<\/a>, mosu tan konflitu entre komunidade Nelu, Indonezia no Leolbatan, Timor-Leste. Konflitu komun\u00e1l ne’e mosu tanba asaun unilater\u00e1l husi governu Timor-Leste atu harii estrada besik fronteira, ne’eb\u00e9 bele uza espasu zona livre to’o metru 50. Ida ne’e viola akordu ida uluk nian ne’eb\u00e9 dehan katak laiha Indonesia ka Timor-Leste bele uza zona livre unilater\u00e1l. Iha tinan 2020, komunidade Naktuka Sr. Arnaldo Sunni dehan katak milit\u00e1r Indonesia no siv\u00edl sira tesi ai besik \u00e1rea tasi nian sem informasaun ka konsulta komunidade lok\u00e1l sira, hodi hamosu intervensaun husi komunidade lok\u00e1l sira iha Timor-Leste nia sorin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atu rezolve disputa fronteira sira, governu Indonezia no Timor-Leste halo ona esforsu balun hah\u00fa kedas husi in\u00edsiu independ\u00e9nsia Timor-Leste nian, hanesan Komisaun Ministerial Konjunta, Komisaun Fronteira Konjunta, Komisaun Ligasaun Fronteira, no Sub-Komisaun Teknika kona-ba Fronteira, Demarkasaun no Regulamentu. Partikularmente, SKT-FDR forma husi Indonezia no UNTAET atu demarka fronteira nasaun rua nian iha tinan 2001. Iha tinan 2002, nasaun rua ne’e hah\u00fa interpretasaun konjunta ba Tratadu 1904 no survei rekonesementu. Iha tinan 2005, Ministru Negosiu Estranjeiru sira husi parte rua asina ona Akordu Provizional ho baze leg\u00e1l ba Tratadu 1904 no Premiu Tribunal Permanente iha tinan 1914, Hasan Wirayuda husi Indonezia no Ramos Horta husi Timor-Leste, ne’eb\u00e9 konkorda ona ho 96% husi li\u00f1a fronteira no husik de’it segmentu tolu ne’eb\u00e9 seidauk rezolve: Bijaelsuan-Oben, Noel Besi-Citrana no Dilumil-Memo. To’o ohin loron, fronteira sempre refere ba dokumentu prinsip\u00e1l tolu: Tratadu 1904, PTP 1914 no AP 2005. Iha 2013, Dilumil – Memo hetan solusaun ho susesu liu husi AP Adendum 2005 maib\u00e9 Bijaelsuan-Oben, Noel Besi-Citrana seidauk rezolve. Iha loron 13 fulan Fevereiru tinan 2017, Ministru Koordenador Wiranto, Ministru Negosiu Estranjeiru Retno Marsudi no Ministru Planeamentu Estratejiku no Investimentu Republika Demokratika Timor-Leste Xanana Gusmao hala’o sorumutu iha Jakarta, iha ne’eb\u00e9 sira konkorda atu forma Konsulta Ofisial Senior hodi diskute kona-ba rezolusaun t\u00e9knika konflitu fronteira. Iha tinan 2019, hetan konsensu katak parte klaran ida-ne’eb\u00e9 sei halo parte iha Timor-Leste no Indonezia, maib\u00e9 la realiza. Ikus to’o fulan Novembru tinan 2023<\/a> nasaun rua ne’e remata ona negosiasaun fronteira no hein atu asina tratadu ne’e hodi rezolve segmentu Noel Besi-Citrana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disputa rai nida ne’e f\u00f3 impaktu ba komunidade lok\u00e1l sira-nia moris no moris iha Noel Besi-Citrana iha aspetu barak. Ida mak na’in ba rai ne’eb\u00e9 nakloke ka la klaru, no ida seluk mak falta dezenvolvimentu ba instalasaun p\u00fabliku sira iha \u00e1rea ida ne’e, tanba akordu 2003 ne’eb\u00e9 identifika katak la bele iha instalasaun ida iha \u00e1rea ne’e. Konflitu husi kompetisaun kona-ba rekursu bele akontese tanba problema na’in ba rai. Iha 2013<\/a>, xefe kultur\u00e1l ida husi Oecusse hetan oho iha Naktuka, tanba na’in ba rai-tetuk lok\u00e1l, aleinde iha 2016<\/a>, maizumenus sidadaun Indonezia hamutuk nain 150 tama ilegalmente ba Naktuka hodi hamoos rai-tetuk natar komun\u00e1l sira. Falta fasilidade p\u00fabliku sira hanesan estrada, ospit\u00e1l no eskola sira bandu komunidade lok\u00e1l atu asesu ba merkadu, kuidadu sa\u00fade no fasilidade edukasaun no rekursu sira. Aleinde kestaun sira iha leten, seguransa peso\u00e1l komunidade lok\u00e1l sira m\u00f3s halo ema preokupa: komunidade sira iha Naktuka resposta katak sira estrese<\/a> no ta’uk tanba patrulla beibeik no prezensa milit\u00e1r Indonesia nian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Matenek-na’in balu argumenta katak disputa fronteira ne’e akontese tanba interpretasaun diferente ba dokumentu leg\u00e1l sira. Timor-Leste uza Uti Possidetis Juris Tratadu 1904 nian, enkuantu Indonezia depende ba li\u00f1a mota ne’eb\u00e9 kle’an liu tuir lei internasion\u00e1l<\/a>. Rezolusaun disputa fronteira simplesmente liu hosi lei ka kooperasaun form\u00e1l internasion\u00e1l sei nafatin difisil. Fat\u00f3r sira seluk m\u00f3s afeta prosesu no rezultadu husi disputa fronteira, inklui natureza kontinjente husi fronteira, no lei kostumeira iha \u00e1rea fronteira. Li\u00f1a fronteira natur\u00e1l muda beibeik tanba mudansa klim\u00e1tika ka mudansa iha mota sira. Aleinde ne’e, maske iha mudansa iha fronteira, komunidade sira husi Noel Besi-Citrana iha zona fronteira sira sei iha nafatin relasaun no mantein pr\u00e1tika kostumeira sira.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buat ne’eb\u00e9 lakon maibe importante atu rezolve disputa fronteira mak inkluzaun no partisipasaun husi komunidade fronteira sira husi parte Indonesia no Timor-Leste. Ita labele haluha katak Indonezia no Timor-Leste konkorda atu “determina set\u00f3r fronteira sira seluk liu husi konsidera relasaun sosiokultural no moris-di’ak povu sira ne’eb\u00e9 hela iha set\u00f3r rua ne’e<\/a>” iha sorumutu KOS daruak. Fronteira nasion\u00e1l iha mapa ne’e dalaruma la korresponde ho komunidade fronteira sira-nia perspetiva, maib\u00e9 komunidade fronteira sira mak hamriik iha li\u00f1a oin atu hasoru dezafiu seguransa nasion\u00e1l sira hanesan disputa territori\u00e1l no ameasa saude global, hanesan COVID-19, no sira vulneravel ba fonte seguransa fronteira hotu-hotu. Maske iha vulnerabilidade, sira-nia reziliensia halo sira atu adapta ka rezolve dezafiu balun. Pap\u00e9l komunidade sira-nian iha seguransa fronteira nian seidauk hetan atensaun makas husi lider politika sira, maib\u00e9 komunidade sira hala’o pap\u00e9l importante hodi sustenta p\u00e1s no seguransa iha fronteira. Sira iha ligasaun kultur\u00e1l ho ema husi grupu etniku ka grupu seluk, no sira iha tend\u00e9nsia atu liga malu ho pr\u00e1tika kostumeira. Sira bele tulun autoridade lok\u00e1l no UPF sira ne’eb\u00e9 falta ka la iha ekipamentu no rekursu atu proteje p\u00e1s no seguransa fronteira nian liu hosi hasa’e sira-nia ligasaun. Tanba ne’e, governu sira presiza sensivel ba ist\u00f3ria, tradisaun, no moris loroloron komunidade fronteira sira-nian no envolve sira iha prosesu negosiasaun fronteira no demarkasaun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fronteira ne’e fundament\u00e1l tebes atu asegura seguransa nasion\u00e1l. Sei iha obst\u00e1kulu atu normaliza relasaun entre nasaun rua karik la iha li\u00f1a fronteira klaru. Nune’e m\u00f3s, preokupasaun seguransa bele mosu tanba la bele kontrola no jere atividade ileg\u00e1l sira ne’eb\u00e9 tamas ai iha fronteira, hanesan kontrabandu ka tr\u00e1fiku umanu. Maib\u00e9, komunidade sira mak fundasaun estadu ida, inklui fronteira. Perspetiva fronteira husi komunidade lok\u00e1l no governu la hanesan, nunee depende ba ofisial governu ka diplomata deit sei la sufisiente atu rezolve problema sira ne’eb\u00e9 komunidade fronteira sira hasoru loroloron. Disputa fronteira sira bele rezolve liu hosi vontade pol\u00edtika no direitu internasion\u00e1l, maib\u00e9 la efetivu no sustentavel sem inklui no envolve komunidade fronteira sira iha prosesu negosiasaun no demarkasaun li\u00f1a fronteira sira. Molok asina no hala’o akordu fin\u00e1l kona-ba demarkasaun fronteira permanente, governu Indonezia no Timor-Leste presiza tuur hamutuk ho komunidade fronteira husi parte rua atu rona, konsulta, no sosializadu didiak rezultadu negosiasaun fronteira no demarkasaun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*(Li-Li Chen husi Insitutu Estudu Dame, Konflito, no Sosial, iha Fakuldade Siensias Sosial,Universidade Nasional Timor Lorosa\u2019e | https:\/\/lilichenblog.wordpress.com\/<\/a> | nia artigu ikus “Why Timor-Leste decided to take a stand on Myanmar” is accessible through this link https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2023\/09\/why-timor-leste-decided-to-take-a-stand-on-myanmar\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hakerek nain Li-Li Chen Enklave Oecusse ka Oecusse-Ambeno, territ\u00f3riu Timor-Leste ida de’it ne’eb\u00e9 lokaliza iha Indonezia laran, adision\u00e1l ba rejensia Kupang no Sentral Norte Indonezia nian ho li\u00f1a fronteira 119.7km. Fronteira rai-Indonezia no Timor-Leste nian barak liu mak basia idrografika no li\u00f1a ki’ik liu ne’eb\u00e9 liga pontu kiik liu hotu iha mota ka foho-oan, no […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17949,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"amp_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analisa"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17948","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17948"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17948\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17950,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17948\/revisions\/17950"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17949"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17948"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17948"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17948"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}