{"id":20025,"date":"2025-01-08T18:45:37","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T09:45:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/?p=20025"},"modified":"2025-01-09T11:00:15","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T02:00:15","slug":"empoderamentu-komodifikasaun-ka-hamukit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/2025\/01\/08\/empoderamentu-komodifikasaun-ka-hamukit\/","title":{"rendered":"Empoderamentu, Komodifikasaun, ka Hamukit?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hakerek nain Berta Antonieta<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iha ami-nia dada-lia iha Oecusse iha 2019, tia Martina konta kona-ba prosesu natur\u00e1l hodi soru tais. Ba nia ho nia feto maluk sira, prosesu soru dala ruma lori tempu naruk, bele to’o fulan. La\u2019os de’it prosesu soru, maib\u00e9 halibur mat\u00e9ria org\u00e1niku hodi prod\u00fas k\u00f3r sira m\u00f3s lori tempu ne’eb\u00e9 naruk liu. Tia Martina ho nia feto maluk sira, gosta tuur hamutuk, soru tais, halibur k\u00f3r org\u00e1niku sira hanesan, kinur, malus tahan, liis mean, no tahu metan hodi kahur, balun habai maran no bele prod\u00fas k\u00f3r. Prosesu produs k\u00f3r natur\u00e1l de’it bele han to’o semana. Nia gosta soru tais, ba nia, foti tempu ba soru hodi mama malus no dada-lia ho nia feto maluk sira kria amizade ne’eb\u00e9 kle’an hanesan parte ida husi produsaun arte iha tais ne\u2019e rasik. Durante luta ba ukun rasik an, feto sira ne\u2019e mak hamriik iha li\u00f1a frente, rai segredu sira, f\u00f3 an ba mate, no kaer kilat iha ai-laran, nune’e m\u00f3s prezerva sira-nia arte kultur\u00e1l (Tilman, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Imajen 2: Patterns designs by Timorese women<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tais la’\u00f3s de’it hanesan fonte ba moris subsist\u00e9nsia ba feto sira, maib\u00e9 tais m\u00f3s nakonu ho val\u00f3r kultur\u00e1l ne’eb\u00e9 forte, tais baibain uza ba tesi lia, ba lia mate no lia moris no oferta ba bainaka sira. Iha 2021, Tais hetan reko\u00f1esimentu husi UNESCO hanesan patrim\u00f3niu kultur\u00e1l Timor-Leste nian, ne’eb\u00e9 urjentimente presiza salva guarda (UNESCO, 2021). Maib\u00e9, iha tinan sira tuir mai, tais no soru nain sira hasoru dezafius oioin, liuliu bainhira sira-nia obra kultur\u00e1l hetan apropriasaun husi empreza hena no programa empoderamentu feto ne’eb\u00e9 koko inklina feto sira sai forsa traballu ho sal\u00e1riu m\u00ednimu. Ita presiza nota katak, Timor-Leste agora daudaun iha prosesu in\u00edsiu ba integrasaun iha korente merkadu glob\u00e1l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apropriasaun Kultur\u00e1l no Korente Merkadu Glob\u00e1l<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bainhira ita ko’alia kona-ba Korente Merkadu Glob\u00e1l, dala barak ita-nia imajinasaun ba kedas empreza rai li\u2019ur sira, ho kapit\u00e1l boot, m\u00e1kina avansadu ne’eb\u00e9 prod\u00fas sas\u00e1n ho folin baratu iha nasaun sira iha glob\u00e1l s\u00fal hodi esporta ba merkadu mundi\u00e1l. Maib\u00e9 asuntu ida-ne\u2019e la’\u00f3s simplesmente hanesan divizaun entre glob\u00e1l norte no glob\u00e1l s\u00fal, ka lok\u00e1l versus internasion\u00e1l. Iha kazu barak, rai na’in sira rasik mak koko atu apropriada ka foti s\u00edmbolu kulturais sira ba produsaun mas\u00e1l no fa’an ho presu baratu ka karun, iha rai laran no rai li’ur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Figura 3. Kompa\u00f1ia Raya Tex hatudu ezemplar husi tais print sira. Photo husi : Raya Tex nia pajina Twitter<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ezemplu foin lalais mak \u201cTais Ready to Wear\u201d ne’eb\u00e9 prod\u00fas husi kompa\u00f1ia Raya Tex, kompa\u00f1ia ne\u2019eb\u00e9 komesa imprime deze\u00f1u tais sira ba hena baratu ho montante mas\u00e1l. Obra art\u00edstiku kultur\u00e1l ne’eb\u00e9 homan no soru husi feto sira uza tempu naruk no materia natur\u00e1l sira, agora bele troka ho de’it imprime mas\u00e1l deze\u00f1u tais nian ba hena baratu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ezemplu segundu mak kompa\u00f1ia Mahanaim, ne’eb\u00e9 hetan suporta husi Market Development Facility (MDF) \u2013 programa dezenvolvimentu Governu Australia nian, ne’eb\u00e9 nia objetivu atu kria merkadu no empodera feto sira liuhusi programa ne\u2019e. Produtu ida husi kompa\u00f1ia ne\u2019e mak \u201ctais print\u201d. MDF deklara iha nia website katak, programa ne\u2019e foka ba kria manufatura hena iha Timor-Leste, no fornese oportunidade ba abilidade empregu no servisu ba populasaun iha \u00e1rea rur\u00e1l no sidade, no maioria foka ba feto (Mahanaim, 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezmu Mahanaim deklara katak kompa\u00f1ia ne\u2019e tuir regulamentu ba produsaun ho \u00e9tika no intensaun di’ak hodi ajuda feto sira hetan rendimentu, asuntu ida-ne\u2019e ita presiza haree uza lensa kr\u00edtiku liu, sera ke empoderamentu refere salva duni feto sira, liuliu feto sira iha \u00e1rea rur\u00e1l?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Figura 4. Kompa\u00f1ia  Mahanaim nia ezemplar ropa produz husi husi tais print. Photo husi : Mahanain nia pajina Instagram<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antes privatizasaun ba rai eziste,  iha parte barak iha mundu, rai hanesan propriedade koletiva ka komun\u00e1l, no feto sira foti pap\u00e9l sentr\u00e1l iha produsaun ai-han, hena, no ai-moruk sira. Rikusoin husi rai hirak ne\u2019e f\u00f3 feto kontrola ba nia meius subsist\u00e9nsia rasik, no garantia independ\u00e9nsia ekon\u00f3miku husi mane. Prosesu soru tais ne\u2019e hanesan pr\u00e1tika ida ne’eb\u00e9 fornese val\u00f3r autonomia ba feto nia tempu no f\u00f3 fatin ba sira atu hatudu obra arte hanesan rezultadu husi ai-horis sira ne’eb\u00e9 sira kuda iha rai refere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Produsaun tais print ne’eb\u00e9 instante hafraku tais orijin\u00e1l, tanba tais print mai ho presu baratu liu,  no fim obriga feto soru na’in sira hodi hatun presu tais orijin\u00e1l, mezmu soru tais ne\u2019e rasik servisu todan no han tempu kuaze fulan barak. Ho nune’e, indiretamente produsaun tais instante ne\u2019e rasik hadau rendimentu subsist\u00e9nsia feto soru tais sira nian, harahun rede komunit\u00e1ria feto sira nian ne’eb\u00e9 depende ba soru tais hanesan arte rituais koletiva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho produsaun mas\u00e1l tais print nian, obra tais nu’udar arte koletiva feto sira nian sei dudu sees husi merkadu, to\u2019o ikus, soru na’in sira sei lakon ko\u00f1esimentu tradision\u00e1l ba produsaun tais orijin\u00e1l ne\u2019e rasik tanba sira sei la pr\u00e1tika tan ona. Ida-ne\u2019e ezemplu konkretu oins\u00e1 apropriasaun kultur\u00e1l, ida ne’eb\u00e9 kolen no kosar been feto sira nian lakon iha kompetisaun merkadu ba kriasaun hodi sas\u00e1n baratu ba merkadu glob\u00e1l.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuir saida mak peritu ba reprodusaun sosi\u00e1l Silvia Federici salienta, \u201caspetu violentu husi akumulasaun primitiva akompa\u00f1a ho faze globalizasaun kapitalista, inklui atualmente, demonstra husi dudu sees tia toos na’in sira husi sira-nia rai, no hatuun feto sira, hanesan kondisaun neses\u00e1ria ba ezist\u00e9nsia kapitalizmu iha tempu barak nia laran\u201d (Federici, 2017:13).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapitalizmu haketak feto husi meius subsist\u00e9nsia tradision\u00e1l no transforma sira sai traballad\u00f3r ho sal\u00e1riu m\u00ednimu iha merkadu nu fin feto sira hasoru exploitasaun dupla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saida mak sei akontese ba soru nain sira?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Iha tinan kotuk, Governu Timor-Leste esforsu aan hodi buka dalan integra ba merkadu glob\u00e1l. Iha Agostu 2024, Timor-Leste ofisialmente tama ba membru WTO no sei esforsu nafatin hodi sai membru ASEAN iha tempu badak. Ho asesu ba merkadu glob\u00e1l, laran tauk ida mak ne\u2019e saida mak sei akontese ba soru nain sira? Se karik iha ona lei propriedade intelektu\u00e1l, se nia direitu mak estadu sei proteje? Sera ke lei ne\u2019e proteje  obra intelektu\u00e1l no patrimoniu kultur\u00e1l ou proteje kompa\u00f1ia ne\u2019eb\u00e9 esplora obra kultur\u00e1l ne\u2019e?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Feto soru nain sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 ho dedikasaun no orgullu tomak ba kriasaun husi obra kultur\u00e1l sei sai marjinalizadu bainhira sira-nia obra ema seluk foti no komodifika husi kompa\u00f1ia boot sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 iha orientasaun ba akumula lukru. Iha tempu hanesan, maske kompa\u00f1ia hanesan Mahanaim no Raya Tex hatudu ba p\u00fabliku katak sira fornese kampu traballu no empodera feto lok\u00e1l, estadu presiza foti asaun pol\u00edtika ruma hodi proteze propriadade kultur\u00e1l hodi f\u00f3 fatin ba feto sira atu kontinuamente iha asesu ba rai no prod\u00fas sira-nia obra,  hodi nune\u2019e prezerva pr\u00e1tika arte kultur\u00e1l ne\u2019e atu labele lakon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iha parte seluk, karik iha futuru, estadu f\u00f3 duni protesaun ba tais iha sistema kapitalistiku ida-ne\u2019e, produtu org\u00e1niku bele hetan val\u00f3r aas liu no bele karun liu duke tais print. Pergunta tuir mai mak, s\u00e9 mak sei sai nain no oinsa nia lukru sei fahe? Ou tais nafatin sai hesan produtu kultur\u00e1l no arte subsist\u00e9nsia?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bibliografia :
Federici, S., 2017. Caliban and the Witch \u2014 Women, The Body, and Primitive Accumulation New York: Autonomedia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Figure 1\u20133, 4,10 and 11 Soares, B., 2020. Tais Weaving Process. Photograph. In: Rede Soru Nain. [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RedeSoruNainTL [Accessed 23 Nov. 2024]\n\n\n\n

Media, K.C., 2016. Krisdayanti dan Raul Lemos Jamin Tais \u2018Printing\u2019 Tak Matikan Tais Tenun. Kompas.com, [online] Available at: https:\/\/entertainment.kompas.com\/read\/xml\/2016\/12\/11\/115300710\/krisdayanti.dan.raul.lemos.jamin.tais.printing.tak.matikan.tais.tenun [Accessed 26 Nov. 2024].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mahanaim Garments, 2020. Market Development Facility Report. [online] Available at: https:\/\/marketdevelopmentfacility.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Partner-FS_Mahanaim-080420.pdf [Accessed 26 Nov. 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pereira, T., 2020. Women of Timor-Leste: Unyielding in the Fight against Oppression and Violence. Asienhaus Blickwechsel, [online] Available at: https:\/\/www.asienhaus.de\/aktuelles\/blickwechsel-women-of-timor-leste-weavers-of-memory\/ [Accessed 23 Nov. 2024]\n\n\n\n

RayaTexTL, 2016. Tais Ready-to-Wear. Photograph. [online] Available at: https:\/\/x.com\/RayaTexTL\/status\/801804100291543040\/photo\/3 [Accessed 25 Nov. 2024]\n\n\n\n

UNESCO, 2021. Tais, Traditional Textile. [online] Available at: https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/en\/USL\/tais-traditional-textile-01688 [Accessed 25 Nov. 2024].<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hakerek nain Berta Antonieta Iha ami-nia dada-lia iha Oecusse iha 2019, tia Martina konta kona-ba prosesu natur\u00e1l hodi soru tais. Ba nia ho nia feto maluk sira, prosesu soru dala ruma lori tempu naruk, bele to’o fulan. La\u2019os de’it prosesu soru, maib\u00e9 halibur mat\u00e9ria org\u00e1niku hodi prod\u00fas k\u00f3r sira m\u00f3s lori tempu ne’eb\u00e9 naruk liu. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20031,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"amp_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analisa"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20025","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20025"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20025\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20043,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20025\/revisions\/20043"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20025"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20025"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20025"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}