{"id":20144,"date":"2025-02-03T17:11:54","date_gmt":"2025-02-03T08:11:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/?p=20144"},"modified":"2025-02-04T14:33:16","modified_gmt":"2025-02-04T05:33:16","slug":"nasaun-neebe-mati-rasa-analize-sosiolojiku-no-psikolojiku-ida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/2025\/02\/03\/nasaun-neebe-mati-rasa-analize-sosiolojiku-no-psikolojiku-ida\/","title":{"rendered":"Nasaun Ne’ebe “Mati Rasa”: Analize Sosiolojiku no Psikolojiku Ida"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hakerek nain Carlos da Silva L. F.R. Saky<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konseitu nasaun nebe \u201cmati rasa” <\/em>(lian indoneziu) ka insens\u00edvel<\/em> (lian portuges) bele analize husi perspetiva sosilojiku no psikolojiku. Laiha sensibilidade ka \u201cmati rasa\u201d<\/em> la\u2019os diskrisaun ba sosiedade nebe apatiku de\u2019it, maibe indikasaun real husi koezaun sosial nebe rahun nebe la\u2019o ba anomia<\/em>, situasaun ida nebe deskreve husi Emilie Durkheim iha ninia livru Suicide: A Study in Sociology<\/em> (1951) hanesan fenomenu solidariedade nebe rahun iha sosiedade nia laran. Durkheim argumenta katak bainhira solidariedade sosial sai fraku, individu sira bele sofre anomia<\/em>, mak kondisaun ida lakon diresaun kauza husi norma sosial nebe rahun. Ida ne\u2019e bele provoka ansiedade, depresaun, no bele oho-an iha eskala boot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nasaun nebe lakon ninia sensibilidade moral no empatia koletiva la\u2019os de\u2019it meramente sofre estagnasaun sosial – maibe iha faze distruisaun sistemika. Iha kontestu ida ne\u2019e, sosiedade nebe monu iha kondisaun \u201cmati rasa\u201d<\/em> la\u2019os de\u2019it nonok, maibe hahu ignora luta koletiva hodi hatuur uluk interese pesoal ka grupu nebe ki\u2019ik liu nian iha oin.  Iha kontestu nasaun sira \u201cmati rasa\u201d,<\/em> lakon sensibilidade moral no empatia koletiva destroe kapasidade sosiedade nian atu responde krizi sosial. Situasaun ida ne\u2019e bele esplika liu husi teoria alienasaun Karl Marx nian iha Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844<\/em> (1978), iha nebe individu sira hadok-an husi sira nia realidade sosial rasik, sai apatiku ba dezigualdade no injustisa. Aspetu psikolojiku esplika ba ita katak individu iha sosiedade nia laran nebe “mati rasa”<\/em> ona sai alienadu (terasing) husi sira nia realidade sosial rasik. Ida ne\u2019e hanesan konseitu psikolojiku nebe hatudu oinsa ema ida bele lakon \u201crasa\u201d<\/em> ka \u201csentimento\u201d<\/em> involvimentu ho mundu iha nia sorin-sorin, halo nia sai apatiku ba injustisa no dezigualdade sosial sira.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurang sensibilidade moral no empatia koletiva iha nasaun ida provoka destruisaun ba kapasidade sosial atu responde krizi sira. Iha psikolojia sosial, fenomenu nebe relasiona ho bystander effect<\/em>, iha nebe individu iha grupu boot nia laran iha tendensia ignora injustisa tanba sente ida ne\u2019e la\u2019os sira nia responsabilidade. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosiedade nebe “mati rasa”<\/em> iha tendensia sofre pasividade fatalista<\/em> (pasivitas fatalistik), mak atitude nebe rende ba situasaun. Iha psikolojia, ida ne\u2019e bele relasiona learned helplessness<\/em> (ketidakberdayaan yang dipelajari), iha nebe individu sente laiha kontrolu ba mudansa sosial neduni hili dalan nonok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Serake ita sai ona nasaun nebe husik justisa no solidariedade atu iis kotu liu tanba politika sira nebe la-umanu la\u2019o nafatin? Serake nasaun nebe \u201cmati rasa\u201d<\/em> mak  reflexu husi ita nia inkapasidade hasoru dezigualdade nebe belit metin iha ita nafatin?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atu hatene di\u2019ak liu nasaun nebe \u201cmati rasa\u201d,<\/em> importante hatene ninia karateristika sira. Lideransa nebe \u201cmati rasa\u201d<\/em> ka laiha sensibilidade. Lideransa nebe laiha sensibilidade, ida ne\u2019e mak karateristika prinsipal ida husi nasaun nebe \u201cmati rasa\u201d.<\/em> Husi naroman teoria Max Weber nian iha Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology<\/em> (1978), ita haree oin-sa lideransa karismatiku dala barak transforma-an sai dominasaun burokratika ka autoritariu. Haree de\u2019it Soekarno, lider ida karismatiku tebes, maibe sai autoritariu, no ikus mai ema la-gosta no hatun nia ho dalan nebe la-dignu. Exemplo hanesan ne\u2019e barak tebes. Ema lakon tiha simpatia ba sira, tanba sira larona ona povu nia lian, maibe fokus los de\u2019it ba reforsa sira nia pozisaun pesoal ka sira nia grupu nian. Iha kazu barak, hanesan deskreve husi Mohammad Hatta, vise-Prezidente Republika Indonezia nian, nebe kompara Soekarno ninia karater ho personajen Mefistofeles iha obra Faust<\/em> (Goethe, 2000), ita haree oinsa intensaun diak lider nian bele transforma sai boomerang<\/em>, estraga vida barak liu duke hadi\u2019a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Serake ita nia lider sira, hanesan Mefistofeles, sakrifika ona bem-estar povu nian ba interese ego politika no ekonomia? Serake ita brani kritika sira, ka justamente monu tama iha pasividade ida nebe kle\u2019an liu tan ka sai tiha fali defensor delek sira nian?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sosiedade nebe apatika no rende de\u2019it (fatalista) mak manifestasaun nebe aat liu ona husi \u201cmati rasa\u201d<\/em>. Bourdieu iha ninia obra The Forms of Capital<\/em> (1986) esplika katak auzensia kapital sosial no kultural sei agrava kondisaun estagnasaun sosial. Bainhira laiha ona esperansa ba mudansa, instituisaun politika sira lakon ona kredibilidade, no sidadaun sira hahu alienadu husi sistema nebe iha, ita haree prosesu apodresimentu (pembusukan) sosial invisivel, hanesan aifuan ida nebe dodok husi laran no ita laharee hetan husi li\u2019ur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maibe, ita fiar duni katak sosiedade ne\u2019e apatika? Ka justamente ita mak ignora potensia koletiva nebe iha, tanba sistema nebe iha taka espasu ba mudansa nebe signifikativa? Bainhira demokrasia transforma sai palku teatru, se mak responsabiliza loloos ba apatia povu nian?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iha sosiedade nebe \u201cmati rasa\u201d,<\/em> injustisa sai parte husi kultura, no korupsaun konsiderada hanesan buat baibain ida. Hanesan esplika husi Rawls iha A Theory of Justice<\/em> (1971), justisa sosial sai pilar prinsipal ba estabilidade sosial. Maibe bainhira ignora justisa, no justisa sai hanesan rariedade (barang langka) ida nebe so bele sosa de\u2019it husi sira nebe iha poder ka osan, ita la\u2019os de\u2019it ona hasoru dezigualdade, maibe mos destruisaun ba fundamentu sira moral sosiedade nian. Korupsaun la\u2019os problema \u201cdesvio\u201d nebe izoladu, maibe manifestasaun husi kultura nebe kuda metin ona iha estrutura governu no ekonomia nia laran. Bainhira injustisa no korupsaun sai norma ona, individu bele sofre erozaun valor moral sira. Iha psikolojia, ida ne\u2019e relasiona ho cognitive dissonance<\/em>, iha nebe individu koko adapta sira nia fiar ho realidade nebe korupta atu la-sofre tensaun metanl<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se injustisa ninia abut metin ona no sai ona norma, serake ita bele laran metin atu iha mudansa ida sein sobu sistema nebe dodok tiha ona? Serake ita bele konfia ba lider nebe metin ona iha rede interese pesoal no grupu nian?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sein empatia no justisa sosial, ita sei hasoru konsekuensia nebe la\u2019os de\u2019it ba tempu badak, maibe destroe estrutura sosial permanentemente. Eviksaun forsada sein alternativa ida adekuadu ba ema sira nebe sofre eviksaun, inkapasidade sistema saude hodi satifaz nesesidade bazika sira, no frakasu iha edukasaun nebe forma jerasaun ida kompetente no etika, mak sinal klaru sira falha iha moral no estrutural nebe ameasa futuru nasaun nian. Hanesan Durkheim dehan, bainhira solidariedade no instituisaun sira la-funsiona ona, sosiedade sei hasoru anomia \u2013 estadu ida nebe perigozu liu duke simples kaos sosial ida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oinsa ita bele hasoru kestaun sein destruisaun ba sistema nebe iha? Serake ita sei konfia nafatin ita nia futuru destinu ba sira nebe ignora tiha ona nesesidade baziku povu nian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atu hakat liu fenomenu \u201cmati rasa\u201d,<\/em> ita tenki adopta aproximasaun nebe radikal no revolusionariu. Halo investimentu iha moral no etika, hanesan nebe Durkheim aprezenta iha Education and Sociology<\/em> (1973), so sei efetivu bainhira akompanha ho reforma nebe kle\u2019an liu tan iha sistema edukasaun nebe iha. Politika ekonomika nebe inkluzivu no orientadu ba redusaun pobreza tenki planeadu ho dalan nebe atu kapasita povu, la\u2019os fo benefisiu ba ema musan oan hira. Reforsu ba justisa sosial tenki hahu ho hadi\u2019a instituisaun no aplikasaun rigoroza ba lei, sein favoritizmu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maibe, serake ita preparadu atu halo mudansa nebe kle\u2019an loloos, ka ita sai dadur nafatin hodi hadi\u2019a de\u2019it ninia kulit no lakona iha problema nia isin?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Labele subestima fenomenu \u201cmati rasa\u201d.<\/em> Nia hanesan reflexu ida husi ita nia inkapasidade, nudar nasaun, hodi mantein solidariedade sosial. Se ita hakarak harii sosiedade ida justa no solidariu liu tan, ita tenki prontu hasoru realidade nebe dura tanba mudansa lamai sein esforsu koletivu ida nebe forte no sein destruisaun ba sistema atual. Ho de\u2019it kombinasaun entre edukasaun, justisa sosial no reforma institusional jenuina, ita bele sai husi siklu visiozu \u201cmati rasa\u201d<\/em> no hakat ba futuru ida di\u2019ak liu. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referensia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Weber, M. (1978). Economy and society: An outline of interpretive sociology<\/em>. University of California Press. (Original work published 1922)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital<\/em>. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education<\/em> (pp. 241-258). Greenwood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durkheim, E. (1951). Suicide: A study in sociology<\/em>. Free Press. (Original work published 1897)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durkheim, E. (1973). Education and sociology<\/em>. Free Press. (Original work published 1922)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Goethe, J. W. (2000). Faust: A tragedy<\/em>. Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1808)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marx, K. (1978). Economic and philosophic manuscripts of 1844<\/em>. Progress Publishers. (Original work published 1844)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rawls, J. (1971). A theory of justice<\/em>. Harvard University Press.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hakerek nain Carlos da Silva L. F.R. Saky Konseitu nasaun nebe \u201cmati rasa” (lian indoneziu) ka insens\u00edvel (lian portuges) bele analize husi perspetiva sosilojiku no psikolojiku. Laiha sensibilidade ka \u201cmati rasa\u201d la\u2019os diskrisaun ba sosiedade nebe apatiku de\u2019it, maibe indikasaun real husi koezaun sosial nebe rahun nebe la\u2019o ba anomia, situasaun ida nebe deskreve husi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17794,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"amp_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analisa"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20144","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20144"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20144\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20150,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20144\/revisions\/20150"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17794"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20144"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}