{"id":4080,"date":"2020-06-15T12:40:19","date_gmt":"2020-06-15T12:40:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/?p=4080"},"modified":"2020-06-15T12:40:21","modified_gmt":"2020-06-15T12:40:21","slug":"ita-nia-liberdade-de-espresaun-maka-tl-nia-independensia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/2020\/06\/15\/ita-nia-liberdade-de-espresaun-maka-tl-nia-independensia\/","title":{"rendered":"Ita nia Liberdade de Espresaun Maka TL nia Independensia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hakerek nain Moises Vicente<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Artigo Ida Ne\u2019e Liga Ba Esbosu Lei Kriminaliza Difamasaun iha Timor-Leste)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T<\/strong>imor-Leste nia independ\u00e9nsia iha loron 28 fulan Novembru 1975, ne\u2019eb\u00e9 Frente Revolusion\u00e1riu Timor-Leste Independente (FRETILIN) mak proklama, sei hetan reko\u00f1esimentu Internasion\u00e1l iha loron 20 fulan Maiu tinan 2002, wainhira povu timoroan hetan libertasaun hosi kolonializmu no okupasaun ileg\u00e1l ba P\u00e1tria Maubere hosi pot\u00e9nsia raiseluk. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elaborasaun no adosaun Konstituisaun Rep\u00fablika Demokr\u00e1tika Timor-Leste nian, mak tutun-a\u2019as rezist\u00e9nsia sekul\u00e1r povu timoroan nian ne\u2019eb\u00e9 sai maka\u2019as liu horik invazaun loron 7 fulan Dezembru tinan 1975. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Funu hasoru funu-maluk, hah\u00fa ho FRETILIN nia lideransa, ne\u2019eb\u00e9 loke dalan luan tan ba partisipasaun pol\u00edtika, hodi hamoris Konsellu Nasion\u00e1l Rezist\u00e9nsia Maubere (CNRM) iha tinan 1987, tuir mai Konsellu Nasion\u00e1l Rezist\u00e9nsia Timorense (CNRT) iha tinan 1998. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rezist\u00e9nsia hala\u2019o iha frente oin tolu. Frente armada ne\u2019eb\u00e9 Forsas Armadas Libertasaun Nasion\u00e1l Timor-Leste (FALINT\u00cdL) hala\u2019o ho barani tebes hodi hasa\u2019e asaun hist\u00f3riku ida. Asaun hosi frente klandestina, ne\u2019eb\u00e9 hala\u2019o hodi matenek iha funu-maluk sira-nia leet, ne\u2019eb\u00e9 feto no mane rihun barak f\u00f3 sira-nia moris, liuliu klosan sira-ne\u2019eb\u00e9 hala\u2019o funu ho sira nia moris atu bele hetan liberdade no independ\u00e9nsia. Frente diplom\u00e1tika, ne\u2019eb\u00e9 hala\u2019o iha mundu raiklaran, loke dalan ba libertasaun total. (Pre\u00e1mbulu Konstituisaun da RDTL-2002).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iha fulan hirak \u00a0liub\u00e1, Estado Timor-Leste liu husi Governo, autorizasaun Parlamentu Nacional (PN), husu ba Prezidente da Republika (PR) atu hasai Dekretu\u00a0\u00a0Governu nian n.\u00ba 3\/2020<\/a>,\u00a0loron 28 fulan-marsu, kona-ba medida sira atu ezekuta deklarasaun Estadu Emerj\u00e9nsia nian, ne\u2019eb\u00e9 f\u00f3-sai liuhusi Dekretu Prezidente Rep\u00fablika n.29\/2020, loron 27 fulan-marsu tinan 2020, hodi hat\u00e1n ba ameasa husi surtu COVID-19 nian. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estado Emerj\u00e9nsia kona-b\u00e1 moras pandemia mundial Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)<\/em> nune\u2019e Estado Timor-Leste bandu, populasaun sira nia limitasaun no direitu liberdade fundamental balu kontinua hakmatek iha uma ho razaun ne\u2019e \u00a0COVID-19 at ne\u2019e la bele hadaet mai to\u2019o Rai Doben Timor-Leste. Moras COVID-19 seidauk remata populasaun em jeral rona fali iha semana ne\u2019e f\u00f3 sai iha m\u00eddia, debate rame los no hamanas los kona-ba Esbosu Lei Kriminaliza Difamasaun ba sidadaun ne\u2019eb\u00e9 hakarak kritika org\u00e3o soberano estado sei hetan kastigu ka pena prizaun tinan 1 ba to\u2019o tinan 3. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuir hakerek na\u2019in nia observasaun ba esbosu Lei Kriminiliza Difamasaun ne\u2019eb\u00e9 halo husi VIII Governo Konstitusional, liu husi promove Minist\u00e9riu da Justisa, maib\u00e9 parese Konsellu Ministru seidauk halo diskusaun. Esbosu Lei Difamasaun ida ne\u2019e besik tinan ida tiha ona hahu husi tinan 2019 liub\u00e1 iha ne\u2019eb\u00e9 aprezenta ona ba Primeiru Ministru (PM), Taur Matan Ruak (TMR).(M\u00eddia Diariu Timor-Post, 22 Fevereiru 2019).<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ita hotu hatene katak ita nia liberdade de<\/em> express\u00e3o<\/em> maka Timor-Leste nia independ\u00e9nsia, no prinsipiu Estadu de direitu no demokratiku, presija hari\u2019i kultura no sistema ida demokratiku ne\u2019eb\u00e9 povu maka nain ba ukun no ukun ne\u2019e povu nian. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sistema demokratiku ne\u2019e katak estadu tenke iha komprimisu hodi respeita no garante sidadaun sira nia direitus umanus no liberdade fundamental sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 ko\u0144sagra iha instrumentu Internasional oin-oin Direitus Umanus nian no iha konstituisaun rasik. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nasaun demokratiku katak partisipasaun ema hotu nian ne\u2019eb\u00e9 liberdade fundan\u0142ental ida maka liberdade de espresaun, hanoin, opiniaun no imprensa no laiha limitasaun, anaunser iha provokasaun hodi hamosu krime. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lei difamasaun hanesan kazu sivil, nune\u2019e labele kriminaliza hodi hatama ema ida ba prizaun tanba deit ema nia hanoin ka opiniaun ne\u2019eb\u00e9 ita nia Konstituisaun rasik la f\u00f3 dalan. Lei kriminaliza difamasaun bele hamihis ka impede demokrasia. Nune\u2019e bele halakon ka hamate kritika sosial husi sosiedade ba kontribuisaun dezenvolvimentu nasaun ida nian. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nasaun Republika Demokratika Timor-Leste (RDTL) hetan nia ukun rasik-an, liu husi prosesu naruk ne\u2019eb\u00e9 halao, liu husi asaun oin-oin husi ne\u2019eb\u00e9 halao husi Frente Armada maka (FALINTIL), Frente Klandestina no Frente Diaspora\/Diplomata sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 uza sira nia espresaun hodi hakilar ba mundu katak violasaun direitu umanus akontese iha Timor-Leste. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liberdade espresaun maka Timor-Leste nia independ\u00e9nsia ne\u2019eb\u00e9 konsagra ona iha Konstituisaun da RDTL tinan 2002 katak sidadaun hotu-hotu bele hato\u2019o nia opini\u00e3o ka hanoin ruma ba ita nia Estado RDTL ka liu husi ba orgasaun soberanu sira iha Timor-Leste. Bele kritika ba Prezidente Republika (PR), Parlamentu Nacional (PN), Governo no Tribunal importante maka kritika ne\u2019e konstrutivu. Ukun nain sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 tur iha orgaun soberanu membru Governo, Deputadu\/a sira, no membru orgaun soberania sira seluk-seluk tan. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Husu labele alergia kritika ruma husi populasaun babain ba ita bo\u2019ot sira, buat ida kritika ka sujestaun ruma husi populasaun ba orgaun soberania kompetente sira dala ruma iha buat diak, laos buat at. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esplikasaun iha konstituisaun da RDTL klaru los, Artigu 1 kona-b\u00e1 Rep\u00fablika,1. Rep\u00fablika Demokr\u00e1tika Tim\u00f3r-Leste katak Estadu ida-ne\u2019eb\u00e9 demokr\u00e1tiku, soberanu, ukun-an no ida-mesak, harii hosi povu nia hakarak no iha respeitu ba dignidade ema moris idaidak nian.<\/em> Iha Artigu 16, 1. Sidadaun hotu-hotu hanesan iha lei nia oin, no m\u00f3s iha direitu no obrigasaun hanesan. 2. Labele halo diskriminasaun ba ema ida tanba nia kulit, nia rasa, nia estadu siv\u00edl, nia seksu, orijen \u00e9tniku, nia lian, pozisaun sosi\u00e1l eh ekon\u00f3miku, hanoin pol\u00edtiku ka ideolojia, relijiaun, instrusaun eh nia kondisaun f\u00edzika eh ment\u00e1l.<\/em> Artigu 23, Direitu fundament\u00e1l sira-ne\u2019eb\u00e9 konsagra iha Lei-Inan la hasai direitu selu-seluk ne\u2019eb\u00e9 temi iha lei no tenke interpreta sira tuir Deklarasaun Univers\u00e1l Direitus Umanus nian. <\/em>Artigu 40,1. Ema hotu-hotu iha direitu ba liberdade ko\u2019alia nian no direitu atu hetan informasaun ruma, no tan informasaun loloos nian. 2. Liberdade ko\u2019alia no informasaun ninian labele hetan limitasaun hosi sensura ruma. 3. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lei maka sei regula direitu no liberdade ne\u2019eb\u00e9 temi-sai iha artigu ida-ne\u2019e, ho baze iha imperativu kona-ba respeitu ba Lei-Inan no respeitu ba ema idaidak nia dignidade. <\/em>No mos iha Artigu 41, Liberdade Imprensa no komunikasaun sosi\u00e1l ninian1. Iha garantia ba liberdade imprensa nian no ba meius seluk tan kona-ba komunikasaun sosi\u00e1l. 2. Halo parte liberdade imprensa nian, liberdade ko\u2019alia nian no hamoris\/hakiak jornalista sira, asesu ba fontes kona-ba informasaun, liberdade editori\u00e1l, protesaun ba independ\u00e9nsia no ba segredu profision\u00e1l no m\u00f3s direitu atu halo jorn\u00e1l, publikasaun ninian no meius difuzaun selu-seluk tan. Inklui Artigu 36.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iha parte seluk, nasaun Timor-Leste iha esperensia pasadu iha tempu rejime Presidente Indonesia nian, Pak<\/em>,<\/strong> Suharto<\/em><\/strong> no tempu Salazar<\/strong> f\u00f3 ona lisaun bo\u2019ot mai ita. Atu hare ezemplu seluk, ita hare nasaun Sudestu Aziatiku, por ezemplu iha Myanmar, Vietnam, Filipina, Indonesia, Thailandia no nasaun vizinu sira seluk akontese ho esperensia hanesan. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Governu utiiza Lei kriminaliza difamasaun hodi rasionaliza sira nia aktus politika, kaer Aktivista, Akademiku no Denfensor Direitus Umanus sira, barak mak hetan tratamentu a\u2019at, torturasaun no tama ba prizaun. Violasaun dieitus umanus akontese ba sira ne\u2019ebe kritika Governu, ho situasaun ida ne\u2019e ema hotu tauk atu kritika no expresa sira nia ideas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iha situasaun real, Lei-ne\u2019ebe regula asuntu difamasaun, iha nasaun barak ida ne\u2019e tama ona iha parte Lei husi \u201cK\u00f3digu Civil\u201d (Hukum Perdata<\/em>). Idea ida ne\u2019e mos mai husi esperensia hanesan iha era colonial nian, ezemplu Governu Kolonial sira uluk halo Lei ida ne\u2019eb\u00e9 kriminaliza sidadaun atu kritika (ne\u2019e akontese iha Lei Difamasaun Kolinial Holanda nian wanhira sei ukun Indonesia<\/em>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maib\u00e9 nasaun sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 uluk adopta ida ne\u2019e muda ona ou de<\/em>–criminaliza<\/em>. Kuandu ema ruma mak sente ofendidu ou nia naran foer, bele lori keixa tuir prosesu Kodigu Civil nian, no karik aplika deit f\u00f3 multa. Agora Timor-Leste Lei K\u00f3degu Sivil (KS), K\u00f3degu Pen\u00e1l (KP) iha tiha ona no Lei oan sira seluk bele garantia ona ba sidadaun ne\u2019eb\u00e9 hetan difamasaun bele hato\u2019o keisa ba Ministeriu Publiku (MP) bele prosesu tuir dalan justisa. La presija tan ona halo esbosu Lei foun Kriminaliza Difamasaun nian. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saida maka lia fuan Difamasaun? <\/em><\/strong>Lia fuan difamasaun katak nu\u2019udar hahalok hafoer ema seluk nia naran ka reputasaun ka la iha respeitu ba ema seluk nia naran di\u2019ak no reputasaun (onra objetiva). Difamasaun ne\u2019e nu\u2019udar hahalok ofensivu ne\u2019eb\u00e9 la halo diretamente ba v\u00edtima, maib\u00e9 halo liu husi ema seluk ka meiu seluk. A difama\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma forma de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o com uma ou mais partes que visa fornecer um estigma negativo para um evento realizado por outra parte, \u00e9 baseada em fatos falsos que s\u00e3o influenciados pela natureza do respeito, mau pensamento, obsess\u00e3o ou queda ou aumento do valor da reputa\u00e7\u00e3o de algu\u00e9m. ou algo parecido. A palavra “cal\u00fania”. \u00e9 absorvida do \u00c1rabe e o significado original \u00e9 “prova\u00e7\u00f5es” ou “provas”.<\/em> Dehan ho lian Melayu<\/em> katak Memfitnah<\/em> ka Fitnah<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fitnah<\/em><\/strong>merupakan satu bentuk <\/em>komunikasi<\/em><\/a> kepada satu pihak atau lebih yang bertujuan untuk memberikan stigma negatif atas sesuatu peristiwa yang dilakukan oleh pihak lain, ia berdasarkan atas fakta palsu yang dipengaruhi oleh sifat penghormatan, buruk sangka, obses, atau menjatuhkan dan\/atau menaikkan nilai reputasi seseorang atau sesuatu pihak. Kata “fitnah” diserap dari <\/em>bahasa Arab<\/em><\/a>, dan pengertian aslinya adalah “cobaan” atau “ujian”.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ikus liu<\/strong> mak ne\u2019e, hakerek na\u2019in hakarak rekomenda ba VIII Governo Konstitusional diak liu kontinua mantein ho Lei K\u00f3digu Sivil, Lei K\u00f3degu Pen\u00e1l, Lei K\u00f3degu Prosesu Pen\u00e1l, Lei Demonstrasaun, no Lei Komunikasaun Sosial.<\/em> Se Governo hakarak halo Lei foun kontinua tau matan ba Lei sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 importante liu hanesan halo Lei KrimeSibern\u00e9tika (Cyber<\/em> Crime)<\/em>, ho Lei Anti Korrupsaun nian. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hakerek na\u2019in mos f\u00f3 sujestaun ba Parlamentu Nasional (PN) karik Lei Kriminaliza Difamasaun lori ba iha plenaria hodi diskute Lei ida ne\u2019e, diak liu lalika aprova. Ba hau, kria Lei Cyber<\/em> Crime<\/em> diak liu, nune\u2019e sidadaun ne\u2019eb\u00e9 tolok iha m\u00eddia facebook<\/em>, WA<\/em>, website<\/em> ema bo\u2019ot ka ema ki\u2019ik ruma sai ba vitima lori Lei Cyber<\/em> Crime<\/em> ne\u2019e mak bele prosesu tuir dalan Justisa. Husu mos ba ANC atu kontrola rede telekomunikasaun sira iha Timor-Leste hodi nune\u2019e bele kontrola ID <\/em>falsu ka uza facebook<\/em> falsu no publikasaun pornografia. \u201cMai Ita Hamutuk<\/em> Aluta Kontinua Dehan Lae ba Lei Kriminaliza Difamasaun\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Hakerek Na\u2019in: <\/strong>Alumni<\/em> Universidade da\nPaz-(UNPAZ), Faculdade de Direito,<\/em>\n2008. Artigo ida ne\u2019e larepresenta\ninstitusaun ne\u2019eb\u00e9 hakerek na\u2019in haknar ba, maib\u00e9 idea no argumentu sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9\nlekar iha artigu ne\u2019e nudar opini\u00e3o peso\u00e1l. Iha sujestaun ruma bele haruka iha e-mail:<\/em> moisesvicente59@yahoo.com<\/a>     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hakerek nain Moises Vicente Artigo Ida Ne\u2019e Liga Ba Esbosu Lei Kriminaliza Difamasaun iha Timor-Leste) Timor-Leste nia independ\u00e9nsia iha loron 28 fulan Novembru 1975, ne\u2019eb\u00e9 Frente Revolusion\u00e1riu Timor-Leste Independente (FRETILIN) mak proklama, sei hetan reko\u00f1esimentu Internasion\u00e1l iha loron 20 fulan Maiu tinan 2002, wainhira povu timoroan hetan libertasaun hosi kolonializmu no okupasaun ileg\u00e1l ba P\u00e1tria […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4081,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"amp_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analisa"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4080"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4082,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4080\/revisions\/4082"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}