{"id":4176,"date":"2020-06-23T06:24:38","date_gmt":"2020-06-23T06:24:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/?p=4176"},"modified":"2020-06-23T06:24:47","modified_gmt":"2020-06-23T06:24:47","slug":"dalan-ba-soberania-ai-han-iha-timor-leste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/2020\/06\/23\/dalan-ba-soberania-ai-han-iha-timor-leste\/","title":{"rendered":"Dalan ba Soberania Ai-han iha Timor-Leste"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

By: Lao Hamutuk<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introdusaun<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Timor-Leste iha rekursu no pot\u00e9nsia hodi\natinje soberania ai-han, katak bele halo produsaun ai-han ho ninia rekursu\nrasik ba konsumu iha rai laran, nune\u2019e la depende ba nasaun seluk. Ita iha rai\nagrikultura ne’eb\u00e9 sei org\u00e1niku, maioria populasaun sei halo produsaun ai-han,\ntasi ne’eb\u00e9 riku ho riku soin tasi oi-oin no populasaun ne’eb\u00e9 maioria ho idade\nserbisu. Rekursu no pot\u00e9nsia sira ne\u2019e f\u00f3 oportunidade boot ba ita atu haforsa\nita nia set\u00f3r agrikultura, agroturizmu, ind\u00fastria prosesamentu ai-han no set\u00f3r\nprodutivu sira seluk hodi realiza soberania ai-han no hadi\u2019ak povu nia moris.\nMaib\u00e9, pot\u00e9nsia no rekursu sira ne\u2019e so f\u00f3 rezultadu m\u00e1simu bainhira ita dezenvolve\nliu husi programa agrikultura sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 integra ho kontextu rai laran nian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Realidade\nprodusaun agrikultura oras ne\u2019e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iha tinan lima ikus ne\u2019e Governu aloka\nm\u00e9dia tokon $24 kada tinan ba set\u00f3r agrikultura iha Orsamentu Jer\u00e1l Estadu, no\nparseiru dezenvolvimentu sira aloka maizumenus tokon $20 kada tinan maib\u00e9 dezempe\u00f1u\nset\u00f3r agrikultura seidauk m\u00e1simu. Ida ne\u2019e bele nota iha produsaun agrikultura\nne\u2019eb\u00e9 la hatudu aumentu no tuun sae bebeik. Iha tinan 2019 produsaun foos rai\nlaran hamutuk 47,822 ton, atu hanesan deit ho produsaun iha 2008 ne\u2019eb\u00e9 hamutuk\n48,154 ton. Produsaun batar iha 2019 mak 75,690 ton, kiik liu kompara produsaun\niha 2005 ne\u2019eb\u00e9 mak too 95,433 ton. Dadus governu nian m\u00f3s hatudu katak\nproblema kiak no inseguransa ai-han no malnutrisaun sei aas liu iha area rural\nsira. Realidade hirak ne\u2019e hatudu katak set\u00f3r agrikultura seidauk sai baze\nforte ba soberania ai-han no hadi\u2019ak povu nia moris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preokupasaun ida ne\u2019eb\u00e9 mosu dala barak iha\ndiskusaun p\u00fabliku sira mak investimentu p\u00fabliku ne\u2019eb\u00e9 sei kiik liu husi estadu,\nne\u2019eb\u00e9 refleta iha alokasaun Orsamentu Estadu kada tinan ba set\u00f3r agrikultura\nne\u2019eb\u00e9 ho persentajen entre 1.5 to’o 3.0% deit. Preokupasaun ida ne\u2019e iha duni\nrazaun tanba set\u00f3r agrikultura mak atividade ekonomia prinsip\u00e1l ba maioria uma\nkain no m\u00f3s fonte prinsip\u00e1l ai-han ba Timor-oan hotu nune\u2019e tenki hetan\natensaun ne\u2019eb\u00e9 boot liu. Maske nune\u2019e iha m\u00f3s programa sira ne\u2019eb\u00e9 hetan osan nato\u2019on\nmaib\u00e9 la la\u2019o ho di’ak. Kazu ne\u2019eb\u00e9 ema hotu bele haree mak programa fahe trat\u00f3r\n4000 resin ne\u2019eb\u00e9 la f\u00f3 efeitu pozitivu boot. Iha m\u00f3s programa ne\u2019eb\u00e9 muda ba\nbebeik husi governasaun ida ba governasaun seluk ka para iha dalan klaran deit\nhanesan programa Suku Ida Produtu Ida, Centro Dezenvolvimento Agricultura Comunitaria,\nPovu Kuda Governu Sosa, nsst. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Problema boot ida ba Timor-Leste mak\nprograma agrikultura ne’eb\u00e9 la integra didi\u2019ak ba sistema agrikultura (farming\nsystem) ne’eb\u00e9 eziste ona iha rai laran. Sistema agrikultura deskreve relasaun\nno interasaun fat\u00f3r produsaun agrikultura sira ho fat\u00f3r sosi\u00e1l (hanesan nivel\nedukasaun no kondisaun), kultural (hanesan sistema patriarkal no serim\u00f3nia\ntradision\u00e1l), no ekonomia iha nasaun ida ka area ida. Sistema agrikultura m\u00f3s\ninklui relasaun no interasaun infrastrutura existente sira hanesan estrada, barajen,\nno merkadu. Tanba la adapta no la integra ba kontextu sira ne\u2019e, programa barak\nmak introduz maib\u00e9 para iha dalan klaran ka kontinua maib\u00e9 laiha\nsustentabilidade hanesan ezemplu balu iha leten. Ezemplu seluk mak hanesan fahe\ntrat\u00f3r ba area ne’eb\u00e9 la presiza, introduz variedade ai-horis ne’eb\u00e9 nia fini\nagrikult\u00f3r sira susar atu asesu, introduz sistema kuda ka jestaun foun ba toos\/natar\nlah\u00f3 treinamentu,  nsst. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Timor-Leste m\u00f3s hasoru dezafiu seluk hanesan area agrikultura ne\u2019eb\u00e9 kiik tebes no area kolleita ne\u2019eb\u00e9 kontinua tun ba bebeik. FAO estimatiza katak ita iha rai agrikultura maizumenus 380,000 ha deit no kontinua tuun. Iha 2019 area kolleita haremak 22,328 ha no batar 30,136 ha. Ne\u2019e kiik liu area kolleita iha tinan sanulu liu ba. Iha 2009, area kolleita hare mak 38,996 ha no area kolleita batar 71,340 ha (Bulletin Seguransa Ai-Han & Agricultura em N\u00famero 2005-2009). Rai ne\u2019eb\u00e9 iha m\u00f3s maioria mak rai lolon ne\u2019eb\u00e9 hal\u00eds entre 10-40% (FAO). Tanba rai ne\u2019eb\u00e9 limitadu laiha opsaun barak atu haboot ninia set\u00f3r agrikultura liu husi aumenta area produsaun. Estrat\u00e9jia di\u2019ak liu mak hasa\u2019e produtividade no diversifika produsaun, liu-liu ba produtu ai-han sira ne’eb\u00e9 nasaun ne\u2019e iha nanis ona. Too oras ne\u2019e ita nia produtividade (mt\/ha) sei kiik liu kompara ho nasaun vizi\u00f1u sira (Haree figura iha foto). <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aleinde pontu sira iha leten, Timor-Leste\nnia agrikultura m\u00f3s hasoru ameasa maka\u2019as husi mudansa klim\u00e1tika. Impaktu ida\nhusi mudansa klim\u00e1tika ne\u2019e mak loron ne’eb\u00e9 sai manas liu tan no udan ne’eb\u00e9\ntun la tuir tempu ho kuantidade ne’eb\u00e9 muda bebeik. Estudu ne\u2019eb\u00e9 iha hatudu\nkatak ita sei hasoru bebeik situasaun udan tun la tuir tempu no muda bebeik,\nbailoron naruk no temperatura sa\u2019e, no udan tun maka\u2019as demais (Pacific Climate\nChange Science). Kondisaun sira ne\u2019e hotu sai ameasa ba produsaun agrikultura\niha rai laran hanesan akontese ona iha tinan hirak ikus ne\u2019e. Impaktu ne\u2019e sei\nsai boot liu tanba maioria agrikult\u00f3r sira seidauk simu informasaun no seidauk\niha infrastrutura b\u00e1ziku nato\u2019on hodi adapta ba konseku\u00e9nsia husi mudansa\nklim\u00e1tika ne\u2019e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alternativa\nba oin<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atu\natinje soberania ai-han, Timor-Leste bele hili dalan lalais liu hodi mekaniza\nno intensifika produsaun liu husi fahe trat\u00f3r, uza adubu k\u00edmiku oi-oin no\nintroduz fini oi-oin husi rai liur. Ida ne\u2019e mak akontese durante revolusaun\nverde iha tinan 1960s to 1980s iha nasaun foin dezenvolve-an barak, inklui\nIndia no Indon\u00e9sia. Revolusaun verde mai ho idea katak produsaun agrikultura\nne\u2019e hanesan ho atividade f\u00e1brika ida nian nune\u2019e mekanizasaun ho\nintensifikasaun sei halo produsaun lais no barak liu. Maib\u00e9, maske t\u00e9kniku\nrevolusaun verde bele aumenta produsaun iha tempu badak, ba tempu naruk estraga\nrai, bee no fini ne\u2019eb\u00e9 mak sentru ba agrikult\u00f3r sira nia moris. Ohin loron,\niha fatin balun ne\u2019eb\u00e9 uluk sai \u2018sentru\u2019 ba \u2018green revolution\u2019, hanesan Punjab,\nIndia, agrikult\u00f3r sofre kustu produsaun ne\u2019eb\u00e9 aas tanba rai ne\u2019eb\u00e9 krekas no\nbee ne\u2019eb\u00e9 menus, depend\u00e9nsia ba adubu no pestisida k\u00edmiku ne\u2019eb\u00e9 presu sa\u2019e ba\nbebeik, no agrikult\u00f3r barak mak tenki deve tun sa\u2019e, sira nia rai kredit\u00f3r sira\nfoti no barak mak oho-an (Dutta 2012).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Timor-Leste labele kontinua tuir dalan ida\nne\u2019e. Ita iha matenek rasik kona-ba agrikultura no bele aprende husi\nesperi\u00e9nsia nasaun seluk no m\u00f3s estudu barak ne\u2019eb\u00e9 publika ona atu promove ita\nnia set\u00f3r agrikultura di\u2019ak liu tan. See haree fali ba karakter\u00edstika jer\u00e1l\nTimor-Leste nia agrikultura, bele nota katak maioria atividade agrikultura baze\niha fam\u00edlia. Sensu 2015 hatudu katak maizumenus 80% fam\u00edlia halo atividade\nagrikultura nian (kuda ai-horis no hakiak animal). Realidade m\u00f3s hatudu katak\nmaioria atividade sira ne\u2019e halo iha nivel\/eskala ne’eb\u00e9 kiik. Kuaze 66%\nfam\u00edlia sira ne\u2019e iha rai kultivasaun menus husi 1 ha no 98% iha rai menus husi\n5 ha (Oxfam 2020). Modelu dezenvolvimentu set\u00f3r agrikultura ida ne’eb\u00e9 besik\nliu ba realidade ida ne\u2019e mak sistema agrikultura familiar no eskala kiik.\nMovimentu toos nain no servisu nain iha mundu tomak halo advokasia ona ba\nmodelu ne\u2019e ba tempu naruk no FAO reko\u00f1ese ona import\u00e1nsia husi modelu ne\u2019e\nhodi dedika d\u00e9kada ida ne\u2019e ba agrikultura familiar. Tuir FAO, agrikultura\nfamiliar sei sai xave importante ida hodi atinje agenda 2030 Objetivu\nDezenvolvimentu Sustent\u00e1vel nian ne\u2019eb\u00e9 Timor-Leste m\u00f3s adopta hela. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modelu agrikultura familiar konserva no\npromove diversidade iha produsaun, no sai fundasaun forte ba diversifikasaun\nkonsumu ai-han.  Agrikult\u00f3r Timor-oan\nsira toman ona ho pratika ne\u2019e maib\u00e9 pratika ne\u2019e hah\u00fa menus ona iha rai laran\ntanba komersializasaun agrikultura orienta ba monokultura, no m\u00f3s depend\u00e9nsia\nba konsumu ai-han oin ida-rua deit. Sein diversifikasaun produsaun ai-han,\nredusaun iha konsumu ba ai-han espes\u00edfiku deit sei rezulta fali aumentu iha\nimportasaun ai-han seluk tanba produsaun rai laran labele koresponde ba demanda\nai-han diversifikadu. Sistema produsaun diversifikadu m\u00f3s di\u2019ak liu ba rai,\nambiente no iha vulnerabilidade kiik liu ba ataka husi peste ka moras no\nmudansa klim\u00e1tika. Timor nia matenek lokal sira hanesan ne\u2019e reko\u00f1ese ona iha\nmundu tomak. To\u2019o agora, matadalan permaculture\ntropical<\/em> ne\u2019eb\u00e9 prod\u00fas husi ONG Timor-nian Permatil uza ona iha nasaun 174\nno ema \u2018download\u2019 kap\u00edtulu dala 82,000 husi matadalan ne\u2019e (Permatil global). Agrikultura\nfamiliar la kontra modernizasaun maib\u00e9 foka liu ba adoptasaun teknolojia no\ninovasaun foun ne\u2019eb\u00e9 mak efetivu no sustent\u00e1vel liu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ikus liu, agrikultura familiar iha eskala\nkiik mos f\u00f3 oportunidade di\u2019ak liu ba ita atu kontinua ho sistema agrikultura\norg\u00e1nika. Oras ne\u2019e ita nia produtu esporta hanesan kaf\u00e9, kamii no maek hetan\nespasu di\u2019ak iha merkadu global tanba karakter\u00edstika org\u00e1niku produtu sira ne\u2019e\niha. Aleinde ne\u2019e, agrikultura familiar no org\u00e1niku m\u00f3s loke dalan ba asesu\nmerkadu fair trade nian ka merkadu justu nian ne’eb\u00e9 buras ba bebeik iha mundu\ntomak inklui iha nasaun dezenvolvidu sira iha hanesan Japaun, Inglaterra no\nEstadu Unidus. Fairtrade ka merkadu justu laos deit oferese presu ne’eb\u00e9 justu\nba produtu agrikultura sira, maib\u00e9 m\u00f3s hakbiit agrikult\u00f3r sira atu iha kontrolu\nboot liu ba sira nia toos\/natar no sira nia moris (Fairtrade International\n2020). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konkluzaun<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atu atinje soberania ai-han iha Timor-Leste, set\u00f3r agrikultura tenki dezenvolve tuir modelu ida ne\u2019eb\u00e9 integra ba kontextu rai laran. Bazeia realidade ne\u2019eb\u00e9 iha, agrikultura familiar eskala kiik mak modelu ida ne’eb\u00e9 besik liu ba kontextu Timor-Leste nian. Agrikultura familiar eskala kiik sei konserva no promove diversidade iha produsaun, no sai fundamentu ba diversifikasaun konsumu ai-han, di\u2019ak liu ba rai, ambiente, iha vulnerabilidade kiik liu ba peste\/moras no mos mudansa klim\u00e1tika. Agrikultura familiar iha eskala kiik m\u00f3s f\u00f3 oportunidade di\u2019ak liu ba ita atu kontinua ho sistema agrikultura org\u00e1niku ne\u2019eb\u00e9 di\u2019ak liu ba konsumu rai laran no asesu merkadu rai li\u2019ur. (Atu hetan lista fonte informasaun sira ne’eb\u00e9 uza ba artigu ne\u2019e bele kontaktu ba aut\u00f3r) <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By: Lao Hamutuk Introdusaun Timor-Leste iha rekursu no pot\u00e9nsia hodi atinje soberania ai-han, katak bele halo produsaun ai-han ho ninia rekursu rasik ba konsumu iha rai laran, nune\u2019e la depende ba nasaun seluk. Ita iha rai agrikultura ne’eb\u00e9 sei org\u00e1niku, maioria populasaun sei halo produsaun ai-han, tasi ne’eb\u00e9 riku ho riku soin tasi oi-oin no […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4177,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"amp_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4176","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analisa"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4176","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4176"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4176\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4178,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4176\/revisions\/4178"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4177"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/neonmetin.info\/buletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}